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  • Intro
    • Welcome
    • The Benefits of BSV Blockchain
    • What Can I Do?
    • Overview of GitHub repositories
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  • Protocol
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    • BSV Blockchain
      • Blocks
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    • Network Policies
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      • Standard and Local Policies
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    • Node Operations
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    • SPV Wallets, Overlays and SPV Processes
      • Simplified Payment Verification (SPV)
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    • Transaction Lifecycle
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    • Privacy
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  • Network Access Rules
    • Rules
      • Table of Contents
      • Background to the Rules
      • PART I - MASTER RULES
      • PART II - GENERAL RULES
      • PART III - ENFORCEMENT RULES
      • PART IV - DISPUTE RESOLUTION RULES
      • PART V - INTERPRETIVE RULES
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  • Network Topology
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  • paymail
    • Overview
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      • Creating a Tranche of Event Tickets
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        • BEEF
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      • TypeScript
        • Node, CommonJS
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        • Low Level
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          • 42
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        • Examples
          • Creating a Simple Transaction
          • Verifying a BEEF Structure
          • Creating Transactions with Inputs, Outputs and Templates
          • Creating the R-puzzle Script Template
          • Message Encryption and Decryption
          • Message Signing
          • Building a Custom Transaction Broadcast Client
          • Verifying Spends with Script Intrepreter
          • BIP32 Key Derivation with HD Wallets
          • Using Type 42 Key Derivation for Bitcoin Wallet Management
          • Creating a Custom Transaction Fee Model
          • Building a Pulse Block Headers Client
          • Using ECIES Encryption
      • Go
        • Examples
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          • Merkle Path Verification
      • Python
        • Examples
          • Simple Tx
          • Verifying BEEF
          • Complex Tx
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          • Encryption
          • Message Signing
          • Building A Custom Broadcaster
          • HD Wallets
          • Linked Keys
          • Fees
          • Merkle Path Verification
          • ECIES
  • BSV Academy
    • Getting Started
    • BSV Basics: Protocol and Design
      • Introduction
        • Bit-Coin
      • The BSV Ledger
        • The Ledger
        • Triple Entry Accounting
        • Example
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        • Coins
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      • Theory
      • Conclusion
    • BSV Enterprise
      • Introduction
      • About BSV Blockchain
        • Introduction
        • Safe, Instant Transactions at a Predictably Low Cost
          • Reliably Low Fees
          • Comparison to Legacy Transaction Systems
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        • Scalability to Accommodate Global Demand
          • Big Blocks Show Big Potential
        • A Plan for Regulatory Acceptance
          • Ready-made Compliance
          • The Open BSV License
        • Protocol Stability
          • Building Foundations on a Bedrock of Stone
      • Technical Details
        • The Network
          • The Small World Network
          • Robust In Its Unstructured Simplicity
        • The Bitcoin SV Node Client
          • Teranode - The Future of BSV
        • The Protocol - Simple, Robust and Unbounded
          • What is the BSV Protocol?
        • Proof of Work
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        • Privacy and Identity
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      • Resources and Tools
        • The Technical Standards Comittee
          • TSC Principles
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          • Status of Current and In-progress Standards
        • The Working Blockchain
          • Pruning to Create a Working Blockchain
          • Building a Working Blockchain from a List of Block Headers
          • A World View Backed by Proof of Work
    • Hash Functions
      • What are Hash Functions?
        • The Differences Between Hashing and Encryption
        • The Three Important Properties of Hash Functions
        • The Hash Functions Found in BSV
      • Base58 and Base58Check
        • What is Base58 and Why Does Bitcoin use it?
        • What is Base58 and How Does BSV use it?
      • SHA256
        • BSV Transactions and SHA-256
        • BSV Blocks and SHA-256
        • Proof-of-Work and HASH-256
      • Walkthrough Implementation of SHA-256 in Golang
        • Overview of SHA-256
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        • SHA-256 Compression
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      • RIPEMD-160
        • BSV Addresses & WIFs
      • Walkthrough Implementation of RIPEMD-160 in Golang
        • Overview of RIPEMD-160
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        • RIPEMD-160 Final Value Construction and Output
      • Doubla Hashing and BSV's Security
        • Why is Double Hashing Used in BSV
        • Hash Functions and BSV's Security Model
    • Merkle Trees
      • The Merkle Tree
        • What is a Merkle Tree?
        • Why use a Merkle Tree?
        • Merkle Trees in Action
      • Merkles Trees in BSV
        • The Data Elements
        • Transaction Merkle Trees
        • Transaction Merkle Trees in Action
      • Merkle Trees and the Block Header
        • What is the Block Header
        • The Hash Puzzle
        • Proof-of-Work in Action
      • Merkle trees and Verifying Proof of Work
        • Broadcasting the Block
        • The Coinbase Transaction
        • Data Integrity of the Block
        • Saving Disk Space
      • Standarised Merkle Proof
        • What is a Merkle Proof?
        • The BSV Unified Merkle Path (BUMP) Standard
        • Simple and Composite Proofs
      • Merkle Trees and Simplified Payment Verification
        • SPV
        • Offline Payments
    • Digital Signatures
      • What are Digital Signatures
        • Background
        • Introduction
        • Digital Signatures Protocol
        • Properties of Digital Signatures
      • ECDSA Prerequisites
        • Disclaimer
        • Modular Arithmetic
        • Groups, Rings and Finite Fields
        • Discrete Logarithm Problem
        • Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
        • Discrete Logarithm Problem with Elliptic Curves
      • ECDSA
        • Introduction
        • ECDSA
        • Further Discussion
      • BSV and Digital Signatures
        • Introduction
        • BSV Transaction
        • ECDSA (secp256k1) for BSV Transaction
        • Summary
        • Signed Messages
        • Miner Identification and Digital Signatures
    • BSV Theory
      • Abstract
        • Peer-to-Peer Cash
        • Digital Signatures and Trusted Third Parties
        • Peer-to-Peer Network
        • Timechain and Proof-of-Work
        • CPU Power
        • Cooperation in the Network
        • Network Structure
        • Messaging Between Nodes
      • Introduction
        • Commerce on the Internet
        • Non Reversible Transactions
        • Privacy in Commerce
        • The Paradigm of Fraud Acceptance
        • What is Needed...
        • Protecting Sellers From Fraud
        • Proposed Solution
        • Security and Honesty
      • Transactions
        • Electronic Coins
        • Spending a Coin
        • Payee Verification
        • Existing Solutions
        • First Seen Rule
        • Broadcasting Transactions
        • Achieving Consensus
        • Proof of Acceptance
      • Timestamp Server
        • Timestamped Hashes
        • A Chain of Timestamped Hashes
      • Proof of Work
        • Hashcash
        • Scanning Random Space
        • Nonce
        • Immutable Work
        • Chain Effort
        • One CPU, One Vote
        • The Majority Decision
        • The Honest Chain
        • Attacking the Longest Chain
        • Controlling the Block Discovery Rate
      • Network
        • Running the Network
        • The Longest Chain
        • Simultaneous Blocks
        • Breaking the Tie
        • Missed Messages
      • Incentive
        • The Coinbase Transaction
        • Coin Distribution
        • Mining Analogy
        • Transaction Fees
        • The End of Inflation
        • Encouraging Honesty
        • The Attacker's Dilemma
      • Reclaiming Disk Space
        • Spent Transactions
        • The Merkle Tree
        • Compacting Blocks
        • Block Headers
      • Simplified Payment Verification
        • Full Network Nodes
        • Merkle Branches
        • Transaction Acceptance
        • Verification During Attack Situations
        • Maintaining an Attack
        • Invalid Block Relay System
        • Businesses Running Nodes
      • Combining and Splitting Value
        • Dynamically Sized Coins
        • Inputs and Outputs
        • A Typical Example
        • Fan Out
      • Privacy
        • Traditional Models
        • Privacy in Bitcoin
        • Public Records
        • Stock Exchange Comparison
        • Key Re-Use
        • Privacy - Assessment 2
        • Linking Inputs
        • Linking the Owner
      • Calculations
        • Attacking the Chain
        • Things the Attacker Cannot Achieve
        • The Only Thing an Attacker Can Achieve
        • The Binomial Random Walk
        • The Gambler's Ruin
        • Exponential Odds
        • Waiting For Confirmation
        • Attack Via Proof of Work
        • Vanishing Probabilities
      • Conclusion
        • Conclusion Explained
    • Introduction to Bitcoin Script
      • Chapter 1: About Bitcoin Script
        • 01 - Introduction
        • 02 - FORTH: A Precursor to Bitcoin Script
        • 03 - From FORTH to Bitcoin Script
        • 04 - Bitcoin's Transaction Protocol
        • 05 - Transaction Breakdown
        • 06 - nLockTime
        • 07 - The Script Evaluator
      • Chapter 2: Basic Script Syntax
        • 01 - Introduction
        • 02 - Rules Around Data and Scripting Grammar
        • 03 - The Stacks
      • Chapter 3: The Opcodes
        • 01 - Introduction
        • 02 - Constant Value and PUSHDATA Opcodes
        • 03 - IF Loops
        • 04 - OP_NOP, OP_VERIFY and its Derivatives
        • 05 - OP_RETURN
        • 06 - Stack Operations
        • 07 - Data transformation
        • 08 - Stack Data Queries
        • 09 - Bitwise transformations and Arithmetic
        • 10 - Cryptographic Functions
        • 11 - Disabled and Removed Opcodes
      • Chapter 4: Simple Scripts
        • 01 - Introduction
        • 01 - Pay to Public Key (P2PK)
        • 02 - Pay to Hash Puzzle
        • 03 - Pay to Public Key Hash (P2PKH)
        • 04 - Pay to MultiSig (P2MS)
        • 05 - Pay to MultiSignature Hash (P2MSH)
        • 06 - R-Puzzles
      • Chapter 5: OP_PUSH_TX
        • 01 - Turing Machines
        • 02 - Elliptic Curve Signatures in Bitcoin
        • 03 - OP_PUSH_TX
        • 04 - Signing and Checking the Pre-Image
        • 05 - nVersion
        • 06 - hashPrevouts
        • 07 - hashSequence
        • 08 - Outpoint
        • 09 - scriptLen and scriptPubKey
        • 10 - value
        • 11 - nSequence
        • 12 - hashOutputs
        • 13 - nLocktime
        • 14 - SIGHASH flags
      • Chapter 6: Conclusion
        • Conclusion
    • BSV Infrastructure
      • The Instructions
        • The Whitepaper
        • Steps to Run the Network
        • Step 1
        • Step 2
        • Step 3
        • Step 4
        • Step 5
        • Step 6
      • Rules and their Enforcement
        • Introduction
        • Consensus Rules
        • Block Consensus Rules
        • Transaction Consensus Rules
        • Script Language Rules
        • Standard Local Policies
      • Transactions, Payment Channels and Mempools
      • Block Assembly
      • The Small World Network
        • The Decentralisation of Power
        • Incentive Driven Behaviour
        • Lightspeed Propagation of Transactions
        • Ensuring Rapid Receipt and Propagation of New Blocks
        • Hardware Developments to Meet User Demand
        • Novel Service Delivery Methods
        • MinerID
      • Conclusion
  • Research and Development
    • BRCs
    • Technical Standards
  • Support & Contribution
    • Join Our Discord
    • GitHub
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  1. Network Topology
  2. Nodes
  3. SV Node
  4. Alert System

Alert Messages

The alert message format is standardized for all message types. Depending on the alert type, the message can vary in format.

Field
Description
Type
Size (bytes)

Version

Alert key message version = 1.

uint32

4

Sequence Number

The alert message sequence number.

uint32

4

Timestamp

Alert -key message timestamp in Unix timestamp / Unix epoch format as (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00 UTC).

uint32

4

Alert Type

Alert key message type.

uint32

4

Signatures

Signature data concatenated

Signature[N]

65*N

Message

Alert message

Variable Bytes

Depends on alert type

Signatures are calculated on doublesha256(Version || Sequence Number || Time || Alert Type || Message Body), where || is byte concatenation and will be encoded using just r, and s and the 1 byte header to guarantee a fixed length of 65 bytes.

The alert message format for each type is defined elsewhere. The important detail is that the alert type defines what associated action the Alert System should perform.

Prior to the release of Teranode, the Alert System interfaces with SV Node over the RPC interface. Below is a list of the supported Alert Messages and their associated RPC calls:

Alert Type
Description
Type
RPC Call
RPC Parameters

Informational Message

Informational broadcast to the network

0x01

N/A

N/A

Freeze UTXO

Sets a specified UTXO as unspendable until further notice

0x02

addToConsensusBlacklist

  • UTXO ID

  • vout

  • Enforce at height start

  • Enforce at height end

Unfreeze UTXO

Sets a specified UTXO as spendable

0x03

addToConsensusBlacklist

  • UTXO ID

  • vout

  • Enforce at height start

  • Enforce at height end

Reassign UTXO

Reassigns a frozen UTXO to a new locking script.

0x04

addTxIdToConfiscationWhitelist

  • Enforce at height

  • Transaction Hex

Ban Peer

Adds a peer to the node’s ban list.

0x05

setBan

  • Peer Address

Unban Peer

Removes a peer from the node’s ban list.

0x06

setBan

  • Peer Address

Invalidate Block

Invalidates a specified block hash, and nodes reject any chains built on top of it.

0x07

invalidateBlock

  • Block Hash

Set Keys

Sets the public keys associated with the current Alert Key Holders

0x08

N/A

N/A

Alert Messages are valid when they are signed by 3 of 5 current Alert Key Holders. Alert Messages increment by sequence number, and the initial message referenced by sequence number 0 contains the following Set Keys Alert Message:

01000000000000004d181a02070000000800000020d4fca62196f52be20c4e75370ce9af922d6fe8080e0870a66de850928e62aeee5926d1a703bbc5e9671653a4eb88566661b28a5bb53c46914841ef8db2681df420c65c64a800150e36e38be2acc05ccde6522375b40331d5365360c6c4fba3b0864571866668581add73a5d28adb53a3708e6d3608ccf1c8cef1e605cd471e5eba20687ca0813a483f644f7a2c1eab5fd4d1715d428029b6e562682ea9d8c19275cc43ef367507fa26915b498b7c3bd0362d31fcc9fe2495d0c05a17b98764a31bfc

This message is the valid genesis message for the mainnet instance of the Alert System. The public keys associated with this message are:

  • 02a1589f2c8e1a4e7cbf28d4d6b676aa2f30811277883211027950e82a83eb2768

  • 03aec1d40f02ac7f6df701ef8f629515812f1bcd949b6aa6c7a8dd778b748b2433

  • 03ddb2806f3cc48aa36bd4aea6b9f1c7ed3ffc8b9302b198ca963f15beff123678

  • 036846e3e8f4f944af644b6a6c6243889dd90d7b6c3593abb9ccf2acb8c9e606e2

  • 03e45c9dd2b34829c1d27c8b5d16917dd0dc2c88fa0d7bad7bffb9b542229a9304

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Last updated 12 months ago

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